The natural process which leads to the cell death is called as apoptosis, but when the cell death happens due to attack certain external factors like bacteria, virus or fungus, or any toxicity, injury, leads to necrosis.
Apoptosis is the self-controlled event that occurs under favourable physiological conditions and the cell itself actively participate in the process. During necrosis, the cell is unable to maintain the homeostasis, which leads to the inflow of water and extracellular ions in the cells, even the organelles like mitochondria get swelled up and result in cell lysis.
Numerous cell death events have been observed in the multicellular organisms. This naturally occurring phenomenon may be due to internal or external factors. There are many morphological, physiological and biochemical differences in both the process.
Now, in this article, we will discuss the critical points on which these two types of process of cell-death vary. We will also consider the factors responsible for the apoptosis and necrosis and how they are beneficial or harmful to an organism.
| APOPTOSIS | NECROSIS |
|---|---|
| Apoptosis is the programmed cell death that occurs at a regular interval in the body. | Necrosis is the premature cell death that may occur randomly in the body |
| It occurs at a regular interval of time. | Necrosis is an unregulated event. |
| Apoptosis is genetically controlled, and it is said as the natural death of a cell. | Necrosis is not genetically controlled, and cell death is pathological (not natural). |
| Apoptosis is always beneficial to the body of an organism. | Necrosis is harmful to the body of an organism. |
| Apoptosis is performed when the cell gives a signal, so it is a self-derived process. | Necrosis occurs due to the external like virus, fungi or any toxins. |
| Cells shrink at the time of apoptosis. | Cells get swelled up at the time of necrosis. |
| The fragmentation of nucleus and chromatin condensation are the signs of apoptosis. | The nucleus gets disorganized, and no chromatin condensation happens. |
| As apoptosis is the natural process that occurs inside the body, there are no physical symptoms. | Necrosis causes severe symptoms such as inflammation and may cause harm to the neighbouring tissues and cells also. |
| This process requires ATP (energy), as it an active process. | This process does not need any energy, and it is a passive process. |
| As apoptosis is naturally occurring cell death, they do not require any treatment. | Necrosis requires treatment as it is not the natural death of a cell. |
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